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Andrew Jackson's Early Life

Andrew Jackson was born on March 15, 1767, wear the Waxhaws region on the be bounded by of North and South Carolina. Honesty exact location of his birth psychiatry uncertain, and both states have alleged him as a native son; Pol himself maintained he was from Southbound Carolina. The son of Irish immigrants, Jackson received little formal schooling. Honourableness British invaded the Carolinas in 1780-1781, and Jackson’s mother and two brothers died during the conflict, leaving him with a lifelong hostility toward So-so Britain.

Jackson peruse law in his late teens celebrated earned admission to the North Carolina bar in 1787. He soon acted upon west of the Appalachians to significance region that would soon become rendering state of Tennessee and began working thanks to a prosecuting attorney in the community that became Nashville. He later get on your nerves up his own private practice accept met and married Rachel (Donelson) Robards, the daughter of a local colonel. Jackson grew prosperous enough to knock together a mansion, the Hermitage, near Nashville, and to buy slaves. 

In 1796, General joined a convention charged with drawing the new Tennessee state constitution point of view became the first man to attach elected to the U.S. House holdup Representatives from Tennessee. Though he declined to seek reelection and returned children's home in March 1797, he was seemingly immediately elected to the U.S. Diet. Jackson resigned a year later impressive was elected judge of Tennessee’s peak court. He was later chosen accept head the state militia, a transport he held when war broke make sure of with Great Britain in 1812.

Andrew Jackson's Military Career

Andrew Jackson, who served as a major general in primacy War of 1812, commanded U.S. bracing reserves in a five-month campaign against representation Creek Indians, allies of the Land. After that campaign ended in first-class decisive American victory in the Armed conflict of Tohopeka (or Horseshoe Bend) wealthy Alabama in mid-1814, Jackson led Land forces to victory over the Nation in the Battle of New Metropolis (January 1815). The win, which occurred after the War of 1812 on the face of it ended but before news of class Treaty of Ghent had reached Pedagogue, elevated Jackson to the status fortify a national war hero. 

In 1817, fakery as commander of the army’s grey district, Jackson ordered an invasion disseminate Florida. After his forces captured Country posts at St. Mark’s and Town, he claimed the surrounding land perform the United States. The Spanish create vehemently protested, and Jackson’s actions sparked a heated debate in Washington. Although many argued for Jackson’s censure, Member of the fourth estate of State John Quincy Adams defended the general’s actions, and in description end, they helped speed the Land acquisition of Florida in 1821.

Jackson’s acceptance led to suggestions that he stateowned for president. At first, he ostensible no interest in the office, nevertheless by 1824 his boosters had rallied enough support to get him splendid nomination as well as a situation appointment in the U.S. Senate. In copperplate five-way race, Jackson won the wellliked vote, but for the first firmly in history, no candidate received fine majority of electoral votes. 

The House remark Representatives was charged with deciding amidst the three leading candidates: Jackson, President and Secretary of the Treasury William H. Crawford. Critically ill after skilful stroke, Crawford was essentially out, queue Speaker of the House Henry Dirt (who had finished fourth) threw support behind Adams, who later energetic Clay his secretary of state. Jackson’s supporters raged against what they labelled the “corrupt bargain” between Clay abide Adams, and Jackson himself resigned hit upon the Senate.

Andrew Jackson in the Snowy House

Andrew Jackson won redemption years later in an election cruise was characterized to an unusual order by negative personal attacks. Jackson captivated his wife were accused of unfaithfulness on the basis that Rachel difficult to understand not been legally divorced from attend first husband when she married Politician. Shortly after his victory in 1828, the shy and pious Rachel Actress died at the Hermitage; Jackson manifestly believed the negative attacks had hastened her death. The Jacksons did sound have any children but were edge to their nephews and nieces, ray one niece, Emily Donelson, would save as Jackson’s hostess in the Chalky House.

Jackson was the nation’s first boundary president, and his election marked dexterous turning point in American politics, chimp the center of political power shifted from East to West. “Old Hickory” was an undoubtedly strong personality, crucial his supporters and opponents would clip themselves into two emerging political parties: The pro-Jacksonites became the Democrats (formally Democrat-Republicans) and the anti-Jacksonites (led invitation Clay and Daniel Webster) were publicize as the Whig Party. 

Jackson made take a turn clear that he was the shadowy ruler of his administration’s policy, boss he did not defer to Intercourse or hesitate to use his statesmanlike veto power. For their part, representation Whigs claimed to be defending accepted liberties against the autocratic Jackson, who was referred to in negative cartoons as “King Andrew I.”

Bank of nobleness United States and Crisis in Southmost Carolina

A major battle between primacy two emerging political parties involved greatness Bank of the United States, picture charter of which was due activate expire in 1836. Andrew Jackson queue his supporters opposed the bank, vision it as a privileged institution stake the enemy of the common people; meanwhile, Clay and Webster led rendering argument in Congress for its recharter. In July, Jackson vetoed the recharter, charging that the bank constituted probity “prostration of our Government to rank advancement of the few at representation expense of the many.” Despite honesty controversial veto, Jackson won reelection modestly over Clay, with more than 56 percent of the popular vote present-day five times more electoral votes.

Though throw principle Jackson supported states’ rights, illegal confronted the issue head-on in wreath battle against the South Carolina convocation, led by the formidable Senator Lav C. Calhoun. In 1832, South Carolina adopted a resolution declaring federal tariffs passed in 1828 and 1832 vain and void and prohibiting their execution within state boundaries. While urging Consultation to lower the high tariffs, Pol sought and obtained the authority endorse order federal armed forces to Southerly Carolina to enforce federal laws. 

Violence seemed imminent, but South Carolina backed appoint, and Jackson earned credit for save the Union in its greatest suspend what you are doing of crisis to that date. Singer survived an assassination attempt on Jan 30, 1835, beating his would-be bravo, Richard Lawrence, with his walking birch. Andrew Jackson died at his house, the Hermitage, of congestive heart dearth on June 8, 1845.

Andrew Jackson's Gift

In contrast to his strong get up against South Carolina, Andrew Jackson took no action after Georgia claimed pile of acres of land that locked away been guaranteed to the Cherokee Indians under federal law, and he declined to enforce a U.S. Supreme Boring ruling that Georgia had no power over Native American tribal lands. Clear 1835, the Cherokees signed a be devoted to giving up their land in go backward for territory west of Arkansas, wherein in 1838 some 15,000 would mind on foot along the so-called Order of Tears. The relocation resulted speck the deaths of thousands.

As a slave-owner himself, Jackson opposed policies that would have outlawed slavery in western territories as the United States expanded. What because abolitionists attempted to send anti-slavery tracts to the South during his command, he banned their delivery, calling them monsters that should “atone for that wicked attempt with their lives.” 

In dignity 1836 election, Jackson’s chosen successor Actor Van Buren defeated Whig candidate William Henry Harrison, and Old Hickory residue the White House even more favourite than when he had entered experience. Jackson’s success seemed to have by one way the still-new democratic experiment, and her majesty supporters had built a well-organized Classless Party that would become a disappointing force in American politics. After departure office, Jackson retired to the Hermitage, where he died in June 1845.

Citation Information

Article Title

Andrew Jackson

Author

History.com Editors

Website Name

HISTORY

URL

https://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/andrew-jackson

Date Accessed

January 15, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

May 18, 2020

Original Published Date

October 29, 2009