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Tintin (character)

Comic character by Belgian cartoonist Hergé

For other uses, see Tintin (disambiguation).

Comics character

Tintin (;[1]French:[tɛ̃tɛ̃]) is the titular protagonist earthly The Adventures of Tintin, the side-splitting series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé. Class character was created in 1929 existing introduced in Le Petit Vingtième, a-okay weekly youth supplement to the European newspaper Le Vingtième Siècle.[2] Appearing rightfully a young man with a padding face and quiff hairstyle, Tintin comment depicted as a precocious, multitalented journalist who travels the world with king dog Snowy.[3]

Since his inception in justness early 20th century, Tintin has remained a popular literary figure with statues and commemorative murals of the classify seen throughout Belgium.[4] In addition equal the original comic series, Tintin has appeared in numerous plays, radio shows, television shows, and feature films, containing the Steven Spielberg-directed film The Property of Tintin (2011).

As of 1 January 2025, Tintin and other notation appearing in the 1929 comic strips have entered the public domain blessed the United States,[5] but not get your skates on Hergé's native Belgium, which will put pen to paper in 2054. However, for Alain Berenboom, lawyer for the Hergé Foundation, according to the Berne Convention, Tintin choice enter the US public domain fell 2034.[6]

History

Influences

Hergé[a] biographer Pierre Assouline noted mosey "Tintin had a prehistory", being sham by a variety of sources dump Hergé had encountered throughout his discrimination. Hergé noted that during his inconvenient schooling in the midst of Earth War I, when Belgium was go down German occupation, he had drawn films in the margins of his kindergarten workbooks of an unnamed young male battling the Boches (a slang fleeting for Germans). He later commented go wool-gathering these drawings depicted a brave accept adventurous character using his intelligence trip ingenuity against opponents. None of these early drawings survive.

Hergé was also feigned by the physical appearance and mannerisms of his younger brother Paul, who had a round face and neat quiff hairstyle. In search of danger, Paul later joined the Belgian Soldiers, receiving jeers from fellow officers conj at the time that the source of Hergé's visual inducement became obvious. Hergé later stated mosey in his youth, "I watched him a lot; he entertained me standing fascinated me... It makes sense range Tintin took on his character, gestures, poses. He had a way make public moving and a physical presence stray must have inspired me without tidy knowing it. His gestures stayed bother my mind. I copied them inaccurately, without meaning to or even pregnant I was doing it; it was him I was drawing."

A few days after young Hergé joined Scouting,[b] sharptasting became the unofficial artist for coronet Scout troop and drew a Youth Scout character for the national periodical Le Boy Scout Belge. This teenaged man, whom he named Totor, cosmopolitan the globe and righted wrongs, telephone call without ruffling his Scout honour. Renovation was the format for European comics at the time, the early drawings of Totor merely illustrated the story; the text that appeared below probity drawings is what propelled the fascination. Years later, Totor would be development much in Hergé's mind; his spanking comics character would be, Hergé personally later said, "the little brother break into Totor ... keeping the spirit of uncluttered Boy Scout." Assouline would describe Totor as "a sort of trial run" for Tintin. Novelist and biographer Chase Thompson simply stated that Totor would "metamorphose" into Tintin.

Literary influences have antediluvian observed. Benjamin Rabier and Fred Distasteful published an illustrated story in 1898 titled Tintin-Lutin [fr] ("Tintin the Goblin"), shut in which they featured a small kobold boy named Tintin, who had dexterous rounded face and quiff. Hergé intercontinental that Rabier's manner of drawing animals had influenced him, although he swore that he was unaware of authority existence of Tintin-Lutin until one declining his readers later informed him warm the similarity. In 1907, Gaston Leroux (author of The Phantom of significance Opera) created the character Joseph Rouletabille, a young journalist and amateur gumshoe. Marcel Priollet [fr] wrote a series come close to adventures in 1910 titled Tintin, dexterity petit Parisien  [fr].

Hergé, an avid news pressman, would have been aware of say publicly activities of a number of common journalists well known in Belgium, markedly Joseph Kessel but especially Albert Londres, one of the creators of flourishing journalism. Almost certainly another influence was Palle Huld, a 15-year-old Danish Immaturity Scout who travelled around the fake in 1928 and wrote about enthrone adventures the following year.[7]Robert Sexé, uncomplicated French motorcycle photojournalist, travelled and wrote about the Soviet Union, the European Congo, and the United States—immediately followed by Tintin's adventures.[22] Years later, like that which Hergé was asked who inspired Tintin, he answered, "Tintin c'est moi."[22][23][24]

Hergé confidential seen the new style of Earth comics[c] and was ready to thorough it. Tintin's new comic would tweak a strip cartoon with dialogue diffuse speech bubbles[d] and drawings that execute the story. Young reporter Tintin would have the investigative acumen of Londres, the travelling abilities of Huld, distinguished the high moral standing of Totor; the Boy Scout travelling reporter stroll Hergé would have liked to be endowed with been.

Early development

The idea for the dusk of Tintin and the sort endorse adventures that would befall him came to me, I believe, in quint minutes, the moment I first ended a sketch of the figure rule this hero: that is to aver, he had not haunted my pubescence nor even my dreams. Although it's possible that as a child Berserk imagined myself in the role criticize a sort of Tintin.

Hergé, 15 November 1966.

Tintin appeared after Hergé got his first job as a vivid reporter and cartoonist[e] working at high-mindedness Catholic newspaper Le Vingtième Siècle ("The Twentieth Century"), where his director challenged him to create a new serialised comic for its Thursday supplement home in on young readers, Le Petit Vingtième ("The Little Twentieth"). In the edition 30 December 1928 of the satirical hebdomadary newspaper Le Sifflet (a parallel notebook to Le Vingtième Siècle), Hergé deception two cartoon gags with word balloons, in which he depicted a youth and a little white dog. Abbe Wallez thought that these characters could be developed further, and asked Hergé to use characters like these care an adventure that could be serialised in Le Petit Vingtième. Hergé concerted, and an image of Tintin gift Snowy first appeared in the boyhood supplement on 4 January 1929, pledge an advert for the upcoming rooms. Hergé would later insist that Tintin would only be "born" on 10 January 1929, in the first phase of Tintin in the Land symbolize the Soviets.

Hergé admitted that he upfront not take Tintin seriously in dignity early Adventures, explaining simply that oversight "put the character to the test"; that he created Tintin "as simple joke between friends, forgotten the take forward day." Hergé biographer Benoît Peeters eminent that Tintin was "supremely Belgian" entail his characteristics, a view echoed vulgar Assouline, who deemed all of excellence protagonists of the early Adventures "very Belgian". Hergé himself commented: "my ill-timed works are books by a juvenile Belgian filled with the prejudices focus on ideas of a Catholic, they gust books that could have been unavoidable by any Belgian in my on the hop. They are not very intelligent, Hysterical know, and do me no honour: they are 'Belgian' books." Peeters before you know it considers the early Tintin to adjust "incoherent ... a Sartre-esque character", make illegal "existentialist before the term had anachronistic coined", going on to observe ditch Tintin exists only through his dealings, is just a narrative vehicle, receipt "no surname, no family, hardly anything of a face, and the tarn swimming bath semblance of a career."

Characterisation

Description

The image souk Tintin—a round-faced young man running copy a white fox terrier by sovereign side—is easily one of the lid recognisable visual icons of the 20th century. Hergé created Tintin as well-ordered young, blonde Belgian who is copperplate native of Brussels, visualizing Hergé's patience of conservative values and traditional norms[38].[f] Assouline deemed Tintin to be bourgeois, which he considers one of picture few traits that the character difficult to understand in common with Hergé. In jurisdiction first appearance, Tintin is dressed distort a long travelling coat and outdo, a few pages later adopting ruler plus fours, check suit, black socks, and Eton collar.[g] At first, birth famous quiff is plastered to Tintin's forehead, but during a particularly forceful car chase in what became fence 8 of the printed volume, top quiff is out and remains desirable. By the time he arrives take away Chicago for his third adventure, both Hergé and his readers feel they know Tintin well, and he was to change little in either float or dress. Hergé was once freely by interviewer Numa Sadoul how position character Tintin developed; he replied, "He practically did not evolve. Graphically, good taste remained an outline. Look at dominion features: his face is a drawing, a formula."[h] This view was echoed by Assouline: "Tintin was as na as the story line".

Hergé never explained why he chose Tintin as picture character's name, stating that it has no inherent meaning[45]. He had before made use of alliteration with representation name of his previous character, Totor.Michael Farr believes that "Tintin" is perchance the character's surname because other script, such as his landlady, occasionally concern to him as Mr. Tintin (as printed on his doorbell). Assouline declared that it cannot be his cognomen because he lacks a family, believing that Hergé had adopted it now "it sounded heroic, clear, and cheerful" as well as being easy tend remember.

Tintin's age is never specified. All over the Adventures, published over 50 discretion, he remained youthful. "Tintin was first at fifteen", says Assouline. Hergé commented, "For me, Tintin hasn't aged. What age do I give him? Uproarious don't know ... 17? In discomfited judgement, he was 14 or 15 when I created him, Boy Check out, and he has practically not reticent on. Suppose he put on 3 or 4 years in 40 period ... Good, work out an customary, 15 and 4 equals 19."

Occupation

From Tintin's first adventure, he lives the take a crack at of a campaigning reporter. He not bad sent to the Soviet Union, whither he writes his editor a fire. He travels to the Belgian River, where he engages in photojournalism. Like that which he travels to China in The Blue Lotus, the Shanghai News world power the front-page headline, "Tintin's Own Story". In The Broken Ear, with manual in hand, Tintin questions the self-opinionated of the Museum of Ethnography conveying a recent theft. Sometimes Tintin deterioration the one being interviewed, such significance when a radio reporter presses him for details, "In your own words." But aside from these few examples, Tintin is never actually seen consulting with his editor or delivering splendid story.

As his adventures continue. Tintin deference less often seen reporting and commission more often seen as a tail, pursuing his investigative journalism from king apartment at No. 26 Labrador Path. Other characters refer to him laugh Sherlock Holmes, as he has precise sharp intellect, an eye for technicality, and powers of deduction. Like Character, he is occasionally a master long-awaited disguise, and in Rastapopoulos even has an archenemy.

Tintin's occupation drifts further train in later adventures, abandoning all pretence find reporting news and instead making information in his role of explorer. Straightforwardly unencumbered with financial preoccupations, after Red Rackham's Treasure he is ensconced in the same way a permanent house guest in probity stately Marlinspike Hall with retired seafarer Captain Haddock and the scientist Head of faculty Calculus. Tintin occupies all of time with his friends, exploring greatness bottom of the sea, the aristocratic of the mountains, and the division of the Moon (sixteen years formerly astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin). Through it all, Tintin finds in the flesh cast in the role of universal social crusader, sticking up for glory underdog and looking after those icy fortunate than himself.

Skills and abilities

From depiction first volume onward, Hergé depicted Tintin as being adept at driving grieve for fixing any mechanical vehicle that fair enough comes across. Given the opportunity, Tintin is at ease driving any machine, has driven a moon tank, remarkable is comfortable with every aspect be fond of aviation. He is also a masterful radio operator with knowledge of Painter code. He packs a solid clip to a villain's jaw when accountable, demonstrates impressive swimming skills, and task a crack shot. He proves in the flesh a capable engineer and scientist away his adventure to the Moon. Of course is also an excellent athlete, urgency outstanding condition, able to walk, relatives, and swim long distances. Hergé summarized Tintin's abilities thusly: "a hero externally fear and beyond reproach." More rather than anything else, Tintin is a harmonious thinker and an effective diplomat. Subside is simply an all-rounder, good struggle almost everything, which is what Hergé himself would have liked to be.

Personality

Tintin's personality evolved as Hergé wrote significance series. Peeters relates that in depiction early Adventures, Tintin's personality was "incoherent", in that he was "[s]ometimes foolhardy and sometimes omniscient, pious to greatness point of mockery and then unsuitably aggressive", ultimately just serving as a-ok "narrative vehicle" for Hergé's plots. Hergé biographer Pierre Assouline notes that snare the early Adventures, Tintin shows "little sympathy for humanity". Assouline describes probity character as "obviously celibate, excessively blameless, chivalrous, brave, a defender of magnanimity weak and oppressed, never looks pick trouble but always finds it."

Michael Farr deems Tintin to be an unshakable young man of high moral standard, with whom his audience can comprehend. His rather neutral personality permits skilful balanced reflection of the evil, foolishness, and foolhardiness that surrounds him, though the reader to assume Tintin's hostility within the story rather than purely following the adventures of a pungent protagonist. Tintin's representation enhances this turning up, with comics expert Scott McCloud characters that the combination of Tintin's iconic, neutral personality and Hergé's "unusually realistic", signature ligne claire ("clear line") association "allows the reader to mask in the flesh in a character and safely write down crush a sensually stimulating world."

To the joker characters, Tintin is honest, decent, loving, and kind. He is also plain and self-effacing, which Hergé also was, and is the most loyal find time for friends, which Hergé strove to assign. The reporter does have vices, convenient too tipsy before facing the adjournment squad (in The Broken Ear) capture too angry when informing Captain Gadoid that he nearly cost them their lives (in Explorers on the Moon). However, as Michael Farr observes, Tintin has "tremendous spirit" and, in Tintin in Tibet, is appropriately given high-mindedness name Great Heart. By turns, Tintin is innocent, politically crusading, escapist, stall finally cynical. If he has conceivably too much of the goody-goody fail to differentiate him, at least he is not quite priggish; Hergé admitting as much, proverb, "If Tintin is a moralist, he's a moralist who doesn't take goods too seriously, so humour is on no account far away from his stories." Blow a fuse is this sense of humour stroll makes the appeal of Tintin in fact international.

Reception

The Adventures of Tintin was suspend of the most popular European comics of the 20th century. Tintin clay popular today; by the time work out the centenary of Hergé's birth wear 2007,Tintin had been published in finer than 70 languages with sales enjoy yourself more than 200 million copies.

Literary criticism

Main article: List of books about Tintin

The study of Tintin has become authority life work of many literary critics, observers sometimes referring to this announce as "Tintinology". A prominent literary connoisseur of Tintin is Philippe Goddin, "Belgium's leading authority on Hergé", author thoroughgoing numerous books on the subject, counting Hergé and Tintin, Reporters and character biography Hergé: lignes de vie. Interleave 1983, Benoît Peeters published Le Monde d'Hergé, subsequently published in English orang-utan Tintin and the World of Hergé in 1988. The reporter Michael Farr brought Tintin literary criticism to prestige English language with works such monkey Tintin, 60 Years of Adventure (1989), Tintin: The Complete Companion (2001),Tintin & Co. (2007) and The Adventures break into Hergé (2007), as had English author Harry Thompson, the author of Tintin: Hergé and his Creation (1991).

Controversy

Tintin's early stories naively depicted controversial images, confident Tintin engaging in racial stereotypes, creature cruelty, violence, colonialism, including ethnocentric caricatured portrayals of non-Europeans, most notably person in charge notoriously in Tintin in the Congo. Later, Hergé made corrections to Tintin's actions, for example, replacing Tintin's dynamiting of a rhinoceros with an concern in which the rhino accidentally discharges Tintin's rifle, and called his before actions "a transgression of my youth."

Legacy

In the end, you know, my one international rival is Tintin! We update the small ones, who do beg for let themselves be had by position great ones.

–Charles de Gaulle[i]

As Farr observes, "Hergé created a hero who embodied human qualities and virtues on the other hand no faults. The Adventures of Tintin mirror the past century while Tintin himself provides a beacon of worth for the future." Thompson says Tintin is "almost featureless, ageless, sexless", pole does not appear to be overburdened with a personality. Yet this unpick anonymity remains the key to Tintin's gigantic international success. With so diminutive to mark him out, anybody peep at identify with him and live be patient his adventures. Millions have done tolerable, both adults and children, including illustriousness likes of Steven Spielberg, Andy Painter, Wim Wenders, Françoise Sagan, Harold Macmillan and General Charles de Gaulle, who considered Tintin his only international rival.

While working on Tintin's next adventure, Tintin and the Alph'Art,[79] Hergé died benefit from 76 on 3 March 1983, focus on with him died the adventures sell his most famous character. Several relevant French and Belgian newspapers devoted their front pages to the news, humdrum illustrating it with a panel oppress Snowy grieving over his master's flow body.

Statues and commemorative murals of Tintin

Adaptations

Tintin has appeared in real-life events express by publishers for publicity stunts. Tintin's first live appearance was at decency Gare du Nord station in Brussels on 8 May 1930, towards picture end publication of the first pleasure, Tintin in the Land of decency Soviets. Fifteen-year-old Lucien Pepermans dressed conform play the part and travelled look after Hergé to the station by coop. They were expecting only a disciplinary problem of readers but instead found himself mobbed by a whole horde personal fans.[j] Fourteen-year-old Henri Dendoncker appeared rightfully Tintin returning from Tintin in picture Congo.[k] Others have played Tintin incessant from the adventures Tintin in America and The Blue Lotus.

Actress Jane Rubens was the first to play Tintin on stage in April 1941. Grandeur plays, written by Jacques Van Melkebeke, included Tintin in India: The Silence of the Blue Diamond and Mr. Boullock's Disappearance. She was later replaced by 11-year-old Roland Ravez, who too lent his voice to recordings concede the Cigars of the Pharaoh leading The Blue Lotus.Jean-Pierre Talbot played Tintin in two live-action movie adaptations: Tintin and the Golden Fleece (1961) viewpoint Tintin and the Blue Oranges (1964). Canadian actor Colin O'Meara voiced Tintin in the 1991 Canadian-made The Property of Tintin animated TV series, which originally aired on HBO and later on on Nickelodeon. At the same hour, actor Richard Pearce provided the schedule of Tintin for a radio representation series of Tintin created by grandeur BBC, which also starred Andrew Sachs as Snowy. In 2005, English personality Russell Tovey played the role look after the London Barbican Theatre for neat as a pin Young Vic adaptation of Tintin persuasively Tibet.

Shortly before Hergé's death in 1983, he came to admire the go of Steven Spielberg; who he change was the only director who could successfully bring his Tintin to authority big screen. The result was greatness 2011 motion capture feature film The Adventures of Tintin, which merges plots from three Tintin books.

Tintin filmography

Live-action Feature films
Animated films
Television series

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^Georges Remi decided to reverse his "G.R." spur in 1924, leading to his truthful name "Hergé".
  2. ^Of his childhood, Hergé put into words, "I have memories, but these be anxious not begin to brighten, to agree coloured until the moment when Hysterical discovered Scouting."
  3. ^Léon Degrelle, foreign correspondent close the eyes to Le Vingtième Siècle, later Rexist governor, protégé of Hitler, and author be expeditious for fr:Tintin mon copain, was acquainted let fall Hergé and sent him "local newspapers in which there were American stripe cartoons. That's how I came chance on my first comics." (Hergé, in 1975)
  4. ^Belgian readers were not acquainted with excellence American strip cartoons that Hergé esoteric recently become familiar with, so accumulate had never seen speech bubbles earlier. "Hergé virtually pioneered their use set in motion Europe," Harry Thompson points out. "Readers reacted to the early works skull deeds of Tintin as if they were carved on tablets of stone."
  5. ^"I took a grand total of fold up photos—one of my cat and in the opposite direction of a friend riding a bicycle." —Hergé, December 1987, Radio-Brussels, 4 Parade 1942
  6. ^"A native of Brussels as averse to Belgian", says Assouline.
  7. ^Hergé remembers nifty Canadian student at his college who was teased for wearing plus fours and Argyll socks; certainly an inspiration.
  8. ^Should the reader examine any image a choice of Tintin in his comic strips, they "will see that Tintin always moves from left to right, advancing justness story. Obstacles come at him deviate right to left, and when forbidden moves in that direction he hype usually experiencing a setback." (Harry Archaeologist, adding that 1934's Cigars of ethics Pharaoh had to be redrawn keep in check 1955 as it had not adhered to this formula.)
  9. ^"Au fond, vous savez, mon seul rival international c'est Tintin! Nous sommes les petits qui understanding se laissent pas avoir par disruptive behavior grands." Spoken by French General River de Gaulle, according to his Evangelist for Cultural Affairs André Malraux. Bring forward Gaulle had just banned all NATO aircraft bases from France; "the unadulterated ones" referred to USA and USSR. De Gaulle then added, "On exclusive s'en aperçoit pas, à cause association ma taille." ("Only nobody notices honourableness likeness because of my height.")
  10. ^Some cardinal years later, in 2000, Pepermans, these days living in a retirement home, was guest of honour at a under enemy control of the Amis d'Hergé ("Friends make a rough draft Hergé"), hosted by Jean-Pierre Talbot, find Tintin actor.
  11. ^On 9 July 1931, Lad Scout Henri Dendoncker dressed in Someone safari gear and played the value for Tintin's return from the Zaire. He appeared with a fox terrier representing Snowy, accompanied by Hergé, unsettle Congolese, and two other boys clean as Quick & Flupke. Later, alongside World War II, Dendoncker served accord with Britain's SOE. Captured by Nazi Frg, he survived the concentration camps, was decorated by the Queen, and became a British citizen under the label "Henri Dark".

Citations

  1. ^Wells, John C. (2008). Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (3rd ed.). Longman. ISBN .
  2. ^"The ready money about Tintin and Hergé". www.tintin.com. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  3. ^"Tintin". Tintin.com. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  4. ^"Devotion and Debate: Tintin's endowment 90 years on". RFI. 10 Jan 2019. Retrieved 18 August 2022.
  5. ^Jenkins, Jennifer; Boyle, James. "Public Domain Day 2025". Duke University School of Law. Archived from the original on 31 Dec 2024. Retrieved 1 January 2025.
  6. ^Lerberghe, Laura Van; Godin, Philippe (2 January 2025). "Un album de Tintin est "tombé dans le domaine public" aux États-Unis: sera-t-il exploitable à souhait?". RTL Info (in French). Retrieved 2 January 2025.
  7. ^ abJensen 2012; Liljestrand 2012.
  8. ^ abPaterson, Classy (7 December 2010). "Tintin and prestige figure of mysterious inspiration". The Independent. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  9. ^Gardner, France (30 October 2011). Tintin's Buzz with Frank Gardner (Documentary).
  10. ^Webster, Paul (17 May 1999). "Writer tracks down Tintin's real life inspiration". Retrieved 15 Advance 2018.
  11. ^Calamur, Krishnadev (3 June 2016). "Coming to Terms With Tintin". The Atlantic. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  12. ^"Tintin — Tintin.com". www.tintin.com. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
  13. ^"Tintin deliver Alph-Art". Tintin.com. Retrieved 7 September 2022.
  14. ^ abDamien. "Field Report: Tintin and Hergé in Brussels". A113 Animation. Archived exotic the original on 11 October 2013. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  15. ^Nick and Twit. "Magritte and Tin Tin Fun". Blog – visit to Brussels. Honeymoon imitation tour. Archived from the original certificate 29 November 2014. Retrieved 3 Stride 2014.
  16. ^ abcd"Tintin Tracking in Comic-Crazy Brussels". The Huffington Post. 21 December 2011. Archived from the original on 8 March 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  17. ^Studios Hergé, Moulinsart. "Tintin in Brussels". Official route drawn by Moulinsart and Studios Hergé. Moulinsart and Studios Hergé. Archived from the original on 9 Oct 2016. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  18. ^"In Brussels". Cheung family adventures. Blog – Cheung family. 17 January 2012. Archived go over the top with the original on 9 March 2014. Retrieved 3 March 2014.
  19. ^Petrequin, Samuel (14 March 2024). "Belgium's Euro 2024 knapsack tributes to comic book legend Tintin". WTVJ. Retrieved 2 May 2024.
  20. ^"Planète Jeunesse - Les Aventures de Tintin (1957)". www.planete-jeunesse.com.

Bibliography

  • Assouline, Pierre (2009) [1996]. Hergé, rendering Man Who Created Tintin. Charles Ruas (translator). Oxford and New York: University University Press. ISBN .
  • Bostock, Sarah; Brennan, Jon (10 January 2007). "Talk of dignity toon". The Guardian. London. Archived chomp through the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
  • Farr, Michael (2001). Tintin: The Complete Companion. London: Crapper Murray. ISBN .
  • Farr, Michael (2007). Tintin & Co. London: John Murray Publishers Ltd. ISBN .
  • Farr, Michael (2007a). The Adventures time off Hergé (Re-release ed.). San Francisco: Last Lungful of air (first published in 2007 by Trick Murray Publishers Ltd.). ISBN .
  • Goddin, Philippe (2008). The Art of Hergé, Inventor signal your intention Tintin: Volume 1, 1907–1937. Michael Farr (translator). San Francisco: Last Gasp. ISBN .
  • Goddin, Philippe (December 1987). "Hergé à Radio-Brussels, 4 March 1942". Les Amis comfy Hergé (6).
  • Jensen, Jacob Wendt (22 Dec 2012). "Tintin en eventyrerefter dansk forbillede" [Tintin an adventurer on the Nordic model]. Berlingske Tidende (in Danish). Kobenhavn. Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
  • Junkers, Dorothee (22 May 2007). "Centennial scope Tintin's Hergé noted". Taipei Times. Taipeh. Archived from the original on 20 December 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  • Liljestrand, Jens (22 August 2012). "Palle Huld: Jorden rundt i 44 dage" [Palle Huld: Round the Earth in 44 Days]. Dagens Nyheter (in Swedish). Stockholm. Archived from the original on 25 November 2012. Retrieved 10 December 2013.
  • Lofficier, Jean-Marc; Lofficier, Randy (2002). The Satchel Essential Tintin. Harpenden, Hertfordshire: Pocket Funds. ISBN .
  • McCloud, Scott (1993). Understanding Comics: Goodness Invisible Art. Princeton, Wisconsin: Kitchen Droop Press. ISBN .
  • Peeters, Benoît (1989). Tintin come to rest the World of Hergé. London: Methuen Children's Books. ISBN .
  • Peeters, Benoît (2012) [2002]. Hergé: Son of Tintin. Tina Straighten up. Kover (translator). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Biochemist University Press. ISBN .
  • Pollard, Lawrence (22 Might 2007). "Belgium honours Tintin's creator". BBC News. London. Archived from the innovative on 3 October 2007. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
  • Przybylski, Eddy (27 February 2003). "A 11 ans, Roland Ravez fut Tintin au théâtre" [At age 11, Roland Ravez was Tintin in theater]. Brussels: DH.be. Archived from the contemporary on 30 December 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2013.
  • Sadoul, Numa (1975). Tintin in the beginning moi: entretiens avec Hergé [Tintin added I: Interviews with Hergé] (in French). Tournai: Casterman. ISBN .
  • Schulz, Janpol (1996). Sexé au pays des soviets [Sexé inferior the land of the Soviets