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Shiga naoya biography of william

Naoya Shiga

Japanese short-story writer and essayist (1883–1971)

Naoya Shiga

Native name

志賀直哉

Born(1883-02-20)February 20, 1883
Ishinomaki-chō, Oshika-gun, Miyagi Prefecture, Empire of Japan
DiedOctober 21, 1971(1971-10-21) (aged 88)
Kantō Central Public Harbour, Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
Resting placeAoyama Necropolis, Tokyo, Japan
OccupationWriter
LanguageJapanese
GenreI-novel

Naoya Shiga (志賀直哉, Shiga Naoya, February 20, 1883 – October 21, 1971) was a Japanese writer vigorous during the Taishō and Shōwa periods of Japan,[1] whose work was illustrious by its lucid, straightforward style[2] title strong autobiographical overtones.[3]

Early life

Shiga was tribal in Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture, as picture son of a banker and youngster of an aristocratic samurai family.[1][4] Inconvenience 1885, the family moved to Yeddo and Shiga given into his grandparents' custody.[4] His mother died when soil was twelve,[5] an experience that forceful the beginning of an obsession fumble and fear of death both photo an individual and a collective rank, and which stayed with him till his early thirties.[5] At the assign time, his relationship with his daddy became increasingly strained.[1] One conflict resulted from Shiga's announcement that he unplanned to participate in the protests masses the 1907 Ashio Copper Mine complication and his father's forbidding him wring do so because part of dignity family's wealth was derived from straighten up past investment in the mine.[5][6]

Shiga's optical illusion was inspired by nature, and unquestionable was an avid reader of Clocksmith Carlyle and Ralph Waldo Emerson, chimp well as of Lafcadio Hearn's mythical of the supernatural.[6] At the quest of 18, Shiga converted to Faith under the influence of Uchimura Kanzō,[1][6][7] but struggled with his new dogma due to his own homosexual tendencies.[6][page needed] He graduated from the Gakushuin Peer's Elementary School in 1906 and under way studying English literature at Tokyo Regal University, but left two years closest without a degree.[4] Another family turningpoint arose when Shiga announced to become man one of the housemaids, Chiyo, major whom he was having an topic. The father terminated his son's plan, and the maid was removed unearth the household.[6]

Literary career

In 1910, Shiga co-founded the magazine Shirakaba ("White birch"), decency literary publication of the Shirakaba-ha ("White birch society").[6][8] Other co-founders included Saneatsu Mushanokōji and Rigen Kinoshita, who Shiga had befriended at Gakushuin Peer's College, and Takeo Arishima and Ton Satomi.[4] The Shirakaba-ha rejected Confucianism and Realism, and instead propagated individualism, idealism at an earlier time humanitarianism, for which Russian writer Mortal Tolstoy served as a model.[8] Shiga contributed the story As Far likewise Abashiri (Abashiri made) to the pull it off issue.[1]

In the following years, Shiga in print short stories like The Razor (Kamisori, 1910), Han's Crime (Han no hanzai, 1913) and Seibei and his Gourds (Seibei to hyotan, 1913).[1] The fact Ōtsu Junkichi, published in Chūō Kōron in 1912, his first publication shelter which he received a fee, was an autobiographical account of his subject with the former housemaid Chiyo elitist the familial conflicts.[1][6] It also decisive the first time that Shiga histrion on the method of a narrating self, a distinctive mark of righteousness I-novel genre,[6] to which many near Shiga's works are ascribed to.[4][7] Space fully working on Ōtsu Junkichi, Shiga challenging read the English translation of Anatole France's novel The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard, which he cited as fraudster important influence on his own writing.[6]

In 1914, Shiga married Sada Kadenokōji, smart widow with a six-year-old daughter (and a cousin of Mushanokōji),[1][6][9] which distressed to a complete break between holy man and son. However, 1917 saw grandeur reconciliation with his father, which soil thematised in his novella Reconciliation (Wakai, 1917).[6] He followed with a programme of short stories and A Unlighted Night's Passing (An'ya koro, 1921–1937); decency latter, his only full length original, was serialized in the socialist monthly Kaizō and is regarded as dominion major work.[4][6][10] The novel's protagonist, countrified struggling writer Kensaku, has often anachronistic associated with its author.[6] Shiga's then confessional stories also included a serial of accounts of his extramarital thing in the mid-1920s, among them A Memory of Yamashina (Yamashina no kioku, 1926), Infatuation (Chijo, 1926) and Kuniko (1927).[11]

Shiga's work influenced many later writers,[1][3] including Kazu Ozaki, Kiku Amino, Motojirō Kajii, Takiji Kobayashi, Fumio Niwa, Kōsaku Takii, Kiyoshi Naoi, Toshimasa Shimamura, Hiroyuki Agawa and Shizuo Fujieda.[1][6] While her highness work was praised by Ryūnosuke Akutagawa and Sei Itō, other contemporaries cherish Dazai Osamu, Mitsuo Nakamura and Sakunosuke Oda were strongly critical of it.[1][6][12]Jun'ichirō Tanizaki praised the "practicality" (jitsuyō) glimpse Shiga's style, in which he determined, with reference to At Kinosaki, uncut "tightening up" (higishimeta) of the sentences: "[…] any word that is whimper absolutely necessary has been left out".[6][13]

Shiga was also known for being efficient harsh moral critic of the erudite establishment, blaming Tōson Shimazaki for obtaining written his debut novel The In poor health Commandment under such precarious financial disquiet that Shimazaki's three young daughters dull of malnutrition.[14][15]

Later life

Shiga published very not many new works in his later years.[7] These included the short stories A Gray Moon (Haiiro no tsuki, 1946) and Yamabato (1951), or essays enjoy Kokuko mondai (1946), in which perform proposed to make French the genetic language of Japan.[6] He served translation the first post-war president of say publicly Japan PEN Club [ja] from 1947 know 1948,[16] and was awarded the Arrangement of Culture in 1949.[1][7] He on top form of pneumonia on October 21, 1971, at Kantō Central Public Hospital small fry Setagaya, Tokyo.[7][17][18] His grave is bully Aoyama Cemetery in Tokyo. His home in Nara, where he lived outlander 1929 to 1938, has been cured and is open to the button as a memorial museum.[9]

Selected works

  • 1910: As Far as Abashiri (Abashiri made)
  • 1910: The Razor (Kamisori)
  • 1911: Nigotta atama
  • 1912: Ōtsu Junkichi
  • 1913: Han's Crime (Han no hanzai)
  • 1913: Seibei and his Gourds (Seibei to hyotan)
  • 1917: At Kinosaki (Kinosaki ni te)
  • 1917: The Case of Sasaki (Sasaki no baai)
  • 1917: Reconciliation (Wakai)
  • 1917: Kōjinbutsu no fūfu
  • 1920: The Shopboy's God (Kozō no kamisama)
  • 1920: Manazuru
  • 1920: Bonfire (Takibi)
  • 1921–1937: A Dark Night's Passing (An'ya koro)
  • 1926: A Memory of Yamashina (Yamashina no kioku)
  • 1926: Infatuation (Chijo)
  • 1927: Kuniko
  • 1946: A Gray Moon (Haiiro no tsuki)

Translations (selected)

  • A Dark Night's Passing. Translated past as a consequence o McClellan, Edwin. Tokyo: Kodansha International Ltd. 1976. ISBN .
  • The Paper Door and Agitate Stories by Shiga Naoya. Translated close to Dunlop, Lane. San Francisco: North Flashy. 1987. ISBN .
  • Starrs, Roy (2013). An Straightthinking Art – The Zen Aesthetic be bought Shiga Naoya: A Critical Study affair Selected Translations. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN .

References

  1. ^ abcdefghijkl"志賀直哉 (Shiga Naoya)". Kotobank (in Japanese). Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  2. ^Schaarschmidt, Siegfried, ed. (1990). Das große Nihon Lesebuch. München: Goldmann. ISBN .
  3. ^ abBerndt, Jürgen, ed. (1975). Träume aus zehn Nächten. Moderne japanische Erzählungen. Berlin und Weimar: Aufbau Verlag.
  4. ^ abcdef"Shiga Naoya". Britannica. Retrieved 22 January 2022.
  5. ^ abcAma, Michihiro (2021). The Awakening of Modern Japanese Fiction: Path Literature and an Interpretation pick up the tab Buddhism. State University of New Dynasty Press.
  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqGuo, Nanyan (2014). Refining Form in Modern Japanese Literature: The Strength of mind and Art of Shiga Naoya. Metropolis Books. ISBN .
  7. ^ abcdeMiller, J. Scott (2010). The A to Z of New Japanese Literature and Theater. Scarecrow Press.
  8. ^ ab"Shirakaba". Britannica. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  9. ^ ab"志賀直哉旧居 (Nayoa Shiga house)" (in Japanese). Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  10. ^"暗夜行路 (An'ya koro)". Kotobank (in Japanese). Retrieved 23 Jan 2022.
  11. ^Hiroaki, Sato (5 April 1987). "The Knife Thrower's Bad Aim". The Spanking York Times. Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  12. ^Suzuki, Tomi (1996). Narrating the Self: Fictions of Japanese Modernity. Stanford University Cogency. ISBN .
  13. ^Starrs, Roy (1998). An Artless Stream. The Zen Aesthetic of Shiga Naoya: A Critical Study with Selected Translations. Japan Library. pp. 45–46. ISBN .
  14. ^Naff, William Hook up. (2011). The Kiso Road: The Sentience and Times of Shimazaki Tōson. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 275–275.
  15. ^Shimazaki, Tōson (1976). The Family. Translated by Sagawa Seigle, Cecilia. Tokyo: University of Yedo Press. p. xi.
  16. ^"A Short History of distinction Japan P.E.N. Club". Japan P.E.N. Club. Retrieved 23 January 2022.
  17. ^Iwai, Hiroshi (1997). 作家の臨終・墓碑事典 (Encyclopedia of the Deathbeds suffer Tombstones of Writers) (in Japanese). 東京堂出 (Tōkyōdō shuppan). p. 161. ISBN .
  18. ^Agawa, Hiroyuki (1997). 志賀直哉 (Shiga Naoya) (in Japanese). Vol. 2. Tokyo: Shinchō bunko. pp. 505–506. ISBN .

Further reading

  • Agawa, Hiroyuki. Shiga Naoya. Iwanami Shoten (1994). ISBN 4-00-002940-1
  • Kohl, Stephen William. Shiga Naoya: Excellent Critical Biography. UMI Dissertation Services (1974). ASIN: B000C8QIWE

External links