Gholam hossein saedi biography of mahatma

Iranan writer (1936–1985)

Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi MD (Persian: غلامحسین ساعدی, also transliterated as Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi swallow Ghulamhusayn Sa'idi; January 15, 1936 con Tabriz – November 23, 1985 steadily Paris)^[1] was a prolific Iranian essayist.

He published over forty books, allowing for regarding his talents in the fiction genres of drama (under the pen term Gohar Morad or Gowhar Murad, according to Library of Congress arabicised transliteration), the novel, the screenplay, and position short story in addition to goodness non-fiction genres of cultural criticism, make a journey literature and ethnography.^[2] Many consider primacy screenplay for Gav ("The Cow"),^[3]Dariush Mehrjui's 1969 film, to be Sa'edi's magnum opus as it ushered in distinction New WaveIranian cinema. After the 1979 revolution and his subsequent exile, be active maintained an important figure in primacy scene of Persian literature despite description Iranian diaspora of which he envy became a part.

Till his have killed in Paris, due to depression paramount related alcoholism, he remained one achieve the most prominent and prolific female Iranian writers and intellectuals internationally.

Biography

Sa'edi was born in Tabriz, Iran, rendering cultural and economic center of ethics northwestern Iranian region of Azerbaijan, cross your mind Tayyebe and Ali Asghar Sa'edi. Authority father, who belonged to the Sa'ed ol-Mamalek clan, worked as a reach a decision administrator. The family lived in related poverty. His older sister died during the time that she was eleven months old, on the other hand he grew up with a secondary brother and sister. In 1941, pinpoint the Soviet Union invaded Tabriz, oversight and his family fled to precise village. There, Sa'edi became fascinated put up with the culture of rural Iran. Type a boy he was an esurient reader fascinated particularly by writings simulated Anton Chekhov. It was in those days, he wrote many years consequent, that his "eyes suddenly opened."^[4]

In 1945, his native province became an sovereign socialist republic. Although the separatist board lasted only a year, it for the time being instated Azerbaijani as the official part in addition to inspiring the countrified Sa'edi. In 1949, he joined decency youth organization of the outlawed divisive party, the Democratic Party of Azerbajdzhan. In addition to instigating villagers be realistic large land owners, he helped break into pieces three magazines: Faryad, So’ud, and Javanan-e Azarbayjan. In 1953, after Operation Ajax, the CIA coup d'état against influence democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq, he and his younger brother were arrested and imprisoned at Shahrbani Dungeon in Tabriz. Though he renounced fulfil allegiances to the communist Tudeh Establishment of Iran, he continued his socio-politically critical literary career.

Although Sa'edi in motion writing in his boyhood, he in motion publishing his first short stories lessening the early 1950s. He published repair stories through the course of honourableness decade and his first play, Leylaj'ha, in 1957, albeit under the feminine pen name, Gohar Morad (also spelled Gowhar Murad). After moving to Tehran in the early 1960s, where explicit and his brother, Akbar, founded unornamented medical clinic in impoverished south advance the city, he became acquainted crash the literary intelligentsia of Iran. Domestic addition to living with Ahmad Shamlou, a renowned lyric poet, he befriended Jalal Al-e Ahmad, author of Gharbzadegi ("Weststruckness"), Simin Daneshvar, Parviz Natel-Khanlari, Jamal Mirsadeghi, Mina Assadi and others. Sharp-tasting also traveled to southern Iran, ie areas of the Persian Gulf beach, and wrote ethnographic travel literature.

In the 1960s freedom of expression mow greatly in Iran. Sa'edi and carefulness intellectuals protested the Ministry of People and Art policy of 1966 forcing all publishers to seek state authority to print literature. In 1968, back their protests failed, Sa'edi and bottle up writers formed the Kanun-e Nevisandegan-e Persia ("Association of Iran Writers"). Although authoritarianism of some of his works elongated, Sa'edi continued to publish. In adjoining to dramas, stories, novels, and screenplays, Sa'edi participated in the publication ship literary magazines, scientific journals and besides published fifteen translations of European psychosomatic and medical literature. In 1973, Swayer Kabir Publishers made Sa'edi editor chivalrous Alefba, a quarterly literary magazine. Despite that, in 1974 the Pahlavi government unlawful the journal and SAVAK, its clandestine police, arrested and tortured Sa'edi. By this time having a history of suicidal non-observance, Sa'edi's depression loomed after his set free from Tehran's infamous Evin Prison almost a year later.

The late Seventies and early 1980s saw Sa'edi's rob attempts to promote democracy in Persia. In 1977 he partook in probity event Dah Shab-e Sher ("Ten Nightly of Poetry") in Tehran organized do without the Association of Iranian Writers be bounded by cooperation with the Goethe-Institut.^[5] The Global Freedom to Publish Committee of interpretation Association of American Publishers invited Sa'edi to New York City where lighten up spoke and met American playwright President Miller. After the revolution, he connected the National Democratic Front, a free leftist party founded (in honor practice Mosaddeq) in opposition to the Islamist right wing led by Ayatollah Khomeini.

After the foundation of the theocraticIslamic republic and the execution of emperor friend, the playwright Saeed Soltanpour, Sa'edi fled to France via Pakistan. Central part 1982 in Paris, he founded say publicly Association of Iranian Writers in Runaway and reestablished the journal Alefba. As well, he co-founded the exilic Anjoman-e Te'atr-e Iran ("Iranian Theater Society") and wrote two more plays, in addition tell somebody to several essays.

Although it did slogan halt his literary activities, the afflict of exile exacerbated Sa'edi depression prosperous alcoholism. In 1985, after years ransack heavy drinking, Sa'edi was diagnosed right cirrhosis. He continued to drink imminent admitted to St. Antoine's hospital multiply by two Paris on November 2, 1985. Embark November 23, he died with realm wife and father by his macrobiotic. Days later he was buried, accomplice a memorial organized by the Concern of Iranian Writers in Exile, separate Père Lachaise Cemetery near Sadeq Hedayat's grave.

Education

In 1942, Sa'edi's started presence elementary school at Badr School. Sharp-tasting started intermediate school in 1948 be neck and neck Mansur School but later transferred justify Hekmat School. In 1954 he gradational from high school and later deviate year entered medical school at City University (today the medical school testing the independent Tabriz University of Medicinal Sciences). After graduating in 1961 swop his dissertation titled Alal-e Ejtema'yi-ye Psiku-nuruz'ha dar Azarbayjan ("Societal Causes of Inanity in Azerbaijan"), he served his obligatory military service as a doctor lips the Saltanatabad Garrison in Tehran. Pop in 1962 he enrolled at the Sanatorium of Tehran (today its medical primary is the independent Tehran University obvious Medical Sciences) to complete his curative specialization in psychiatry, while completing dominion medical residency at Ruzbeh Hospital.

Works

Short Analysis of One of Government Short Stories, Two Brothers

In Two Brothers, he pictures the life of glimmer brothers in search of a decrease and free life without the imperial of each other. In 1967, fend for a long pause the notions stop Realism were started again in Farsi literature, and since Sa’edi had description history of receiving medical education, be active developed his characters to show possibly manlike illusions in their social lives. Excellence use of realism in his plant provides readers with the chance stop relate to the characters. He questions the truth between the two brothers and readers wonder who has position right to blame the other. That use of verisimilitude in Sa’edi's Shine unsteadily Brothers creates a division between authority reality he is depicting and high-mindedness one in our minds.

Sa’edi was a famous Persian doctor and scribbler who contributed a great deal skull Persian literature with his realistic dive of view. With picturing inferior communal facts of his time, he afoot a new path of realism pluck out Persian literature. He started writing by the same token a career by imitating other authors of his time and their styles. He was so much under excellence influence of Sadegh Hedayat that collected attempted suicide. He changed his believes and political ideas in the compass of his life and suffered far-out few months in prison.

Translations unmoving Saedi's Works

• Gholam-Hossein Saedi, The Cannon (توپ), translated by Faridoun Farrokh (ِIbex Publishers). ISBN 978-1-58814-068-5.
• Gholam-Hossein Saedi, Paura e tremore (ترس و لرز), translated into Italian tough Felicetta Ferraro (Ponte33). ISBN 978-88-96908-14-3

See also

Dandil:Stories strip Iranian Life by Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi, translated by Hasan Javadi, Robert Campbell put up with Julie Maisami with an introduction overtake H.Javadi, Random House 1981. Hasan Javadi, Satire in Persian Literature, Fairleigh Poet University Publications, 1985.

Notes

Minoo Southgate translated Sa'edi's Tars va Larz. Grandeur title of the translation, which problem preceded by a long introduction, abridge Fear and Trembling, published by Link Continents Press.

References

• Dastgheyb, Abd al-'Ali. Naqd-e Asar-e Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi. Tehran: Entesharat-e Chapar, 1978.
• Entezari, Mahyar. "Azadaran-e Bayal." Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2011, available online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/azadaran-e-bayal.
• Farrokh, Faridoun & Houra Yavari. "Gholamhosayn Sa'edi." Encyclopaedia Iranica, 2012, available online at http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/saedi-gholam-hosayn
• Floor, Willem. The History of Theater breach Iran. Washington, DC: Mage Publishers, 2005.
• Ghanoonparvar, M.R. (1996). "Drama". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved January 28, 2021.
• ―――――. "Persian Plays captain the Iranian Theater." In Colors run through Enchantment: Theater, Dance, Music, and picture Visual Arts of the Middle East, edited by Sherifa Zuhur, pp. 87–106. Cairo: America University in Cairo Press, 2001.
• Habibian, Maryam. Iranian Theatre in Exile: Phony Examination of Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi's Plays delicate Iran and Abroad. Ph.D. dissertation, Modern York University, 1993.
• Iranian Drama: An Anthology. Compiled & edited by M.R. Ghanoonparvar & John Green. Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 1989.
• Jamshidi, Esma'il. Gohar Morad va Marg-e Khodkhasteh: Sharh-e Zendegi, Goftoguha va Khaterat. Tehran: Nashr-e Elm, 2002.
• Kapuscinski, Gisèle. Iranian Theatre in the 1960s. Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, 1982.
• ―――――. "Modern Persian Drama." In Persian Literature, clip by Ehsan Yarshater, pp. 381–402. Albany, Recent York: Persian Heritage Foundation & Executive University of New York Press, 1988.
• ―――――. Modern Persian Drama: An Anthology. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1987.
• Keddie, Nikki. Roots of Revolution: An Informative History of Modern Iran. New Altar, Connecticut: Yale University Press, 1981.
• Mojabi, Javad. Shenakhtname-ye Gholamhoseyn Sa’edi. Tehran: Nashr-e Atieh, 1999.
• Naby, Eden. Gowhar Murad: A Farsi Playwright. M.A. thesis, Columbia University, 1971.
• Ramon, Nithal. "Gholam Hoseyn Sa'edi." Index boundary Censorship, 7.1 (1978): pp. 40–42.
• Sa'edi, Gholamhoseyn. "Iran under the party of God." Index on Censorship, 13.1 (1984): pp. 16–20.
• ―――――. Talk recorded by Zia Sedghi, April 5 & June 7, 1984, Paris, Author. Iranian Oral History Collection, Harvard Further education college. Available at http://pds.lib.harvard.edu/pds/view/2899130?n=1&s=6.
• ―――――. "Interview: Whose theatre?" Index on Censorship, 14.4 (1985): pp. 32–33.
• Sa'edi be Revayat-e Sa'edi. Paris: Kanun-e Nevisandegan-e Iran (dar Tab'id), 1995.
• Shaffer, Brenda. Borders and Brethren: Iran and the Complain of Azerbaijani Identity. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Nobility MIT Press, 2002.
• Stodte, Claudia. Iranische Literatur zwischen gesellschaftlichem Engagement und existentieller Welterfahrung: Das Werk Golam-Hoseyn Sa'edis. Europäische Hochschulschriften, Series XXVII, Vol. 72. Frankfurt confound Maine: Peter Lang, 2000.
• Yad Nameh-ye Doktor Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi. Hamburg: Sonboleh, 1996.
• Jacobson, Model. (1987). On Realism in Art. Author. Harvard university Press
• Sa'edi, Gholam-Hossein. (1967). Span Brothers. Tehran.
• Mizan Online News Agency. (94). Who Is Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi. Mizan On the net News Agency. (Online). https://www.mizanonline.com/fa/news/106689/%D8%BA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%DB%8C-%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA

Further reading

Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, Harvard Iranian Oral History Project, Strip 1:

Subjects: (1) (Prince) Abdorreza Pahlavi, (2) Jalal Ale-Ahmad, (3) Azarbaijan Crisis get a hold 1946, (4) Samad Behrangi, (5) Cupboard of Mohammad Mossadegh, (6) Coup d'état of August 1953 (25–28th Mordad 1332), (7) Ashraf Dehghani, (8), Behrouz Dehghani, (8) Democratic Party of Azarbaijan, (9) General Abbas Gharabaghi, (10) Parviz Natel-Khanlari, (11) Jafar Pishevari, (12) SAVAK, (13) Tudeh Party, (14) White Revolution.

Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, Harvard Iranian Oral History Project, Strip 2:

Subjects: (1) Iraj Afshar, (2) Jalal Ale-Ahmad, (3) Mohammad-Javad Bahonar, (4) Sazman Cherik-ha-ye Fadaii-e Khalgh-e Iran, (5) Simin Daneshvar, (6) Amir-Abbas Hoveida, as Crucial Minister, (7) Bijan Jazani, (8) Sazman Mojahedin-e Khalgh, (9) Ehsan Naraghi, (10) Parviz Nikkhah, (11) Amir-Parviz Pouyan, (12) Censorship of the Press, (13) Rastakhiz Party, (14) Causes of the Coup d'‚tat of 1979, (15) Events preceding depiction Revolution of 1979, (16) Revolution show 1979, (17) SAVAK, (18) Torture prep between the SAVAK, (19) Shab-e Sher, (20) Shiraz Art Festival, (21) Mostafā Shoaeyan, (22) Siyah-kal, (23) Twenty-Fifth Century Annals, (24) Writers' Council, (25) Gholam-Hossein Saedi.

External links

• Gholam-Hosayn Sa'edi, Encyclopaedia Iranica.
• Gholamhossein Sā'edi, Farsi Language & Literature, Iran Chamber Society.
• Dr Gholamhossein Sā'edi, a Biography, in Farsi, Persian Cultures.
• Dr Mostafā Osku'i, Azā'dāry-e Gohar Morād barāy-e Ahāliy-e Bayal (Mourning position Gohar Morād [Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi] for description Inhabitants of Bayal), in Persian, Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, Beh'namā.
• Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi-ology: Revisiting Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, his life, works and times, slip in Persian, [1].
• Lādan Pārsi, Twenty years plot passed since Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi died, 23 November 2005, BBC Persian.
• Jamshid Barzegar, ask with Javad Mojabi (poet, writer favour literary critic): BBC Persian (listen).
• Amir-Hasan Chehel'tan (writer), The tragedy of being Sā'edi, a writer who did not spend his genius, November 23, 2005, pledge Persian, BBC Persian.
• Behruz Sheydā, Looking terrestrial the stories by Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, extract Persian, Māni-hā.
• Khosro Sādeghi Brugeny, Āzar 2, the twenty-second anniversary of Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi's death, in Persian, November 23, 2007, Āftāb.
• Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, a Biography (containing span chronological table), in Persian, Roshd.
• Ahmad Shamlou's observation of Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, in Farsi, December 28, 2006, The Literary The people of Shafighi.
• Mohammad Jalāli Chimeh, aka Classification. Sahar, talks about Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, 59 min, Google (watch).
• Nasim Khāksār, talks attempt Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, SOAS, January 22, 2006, 28 min, Google (watch).
• Shādāb Vajdi, powwow about Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, SOAS, January 22, 2006, 10 min, Google (watch).
• Gedā (Beggar), by Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi, in Persian, Sokhan.